{"CACHEDAT":"2026-05-26 18:59:42","TRANSLATEDAT":"2026-05-26 18:59:42","SOURCESIGNATURE":"e668a338dc532d78ab8ac95b3c9eedc18ac65c59a61c51a6d022de69fc6501fa","SLUG":"glossary-1LfGvKpPD1","MARKDOWN":"# Algorithms\n\nAn algorithm is a sequence of instructions, automatically executed by a computer (UNESCO, 2017). It input into output by performing calculations, sorting or classifying data, making decisions, or automating repetitive tasks. Algorithms range from very simple (e.g., a fixed rule for sorting a list) to highly complex (e.g., the recommendation system of a social media platform).\n\nAlgorithms are designed by humans (Council of Europe, 2020). Even in modern machine learning systems — where parts of the algorithm's behaviour are learned from data rather than written line by line — humans set the goals the system optimises for, select the training data, and decide how the system is deployed (Metzler & Garcia, 2024; Narayanan, 2023). The outputs of an algorithm therefore reflect the choices, assumptions, and values of those who build and deploy it; they are not neutral or objective.\n\nIn digital platforms, algorithms are typically combined into **algorithmic systems** — applications that, often using mathematical models, gather, combine, sort, classify, and infer data, and that select, prioritise, recommend, or make decisions on that basis (Council of Europe, 2020).\n\n\n:::info\n* UNESCO (2017). A lexicon for the digital age. UNESCO Courier, July–September 2017. \n* Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe (2020). Recommendation CM/Rec(2020)1 on the human rights impacts of algorithmic systems, adopted 8 April 2020.\n* Metzler, H., & Garcia, D. (2024). Social drivers and algorithmic mechanisms on digital media. Perspectives on Psychological Science. [https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231185057 ](https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231185057)![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAARpJREFUeNpiZEAD1zX4E4BUPBA7oEkdAOKFmjc+LkAWZETSqACk1gOxAb/lLwZegz8MTJz/wXL/vjMyfL7AwvDxOBuIewGIA4EGPYAbANV8nkP2r4Bk/HcGdpm/DNjAzyfMDM8XcjL8eMz8Acg1BBnCBJVbD9IsV/QVp2YQAMmB1IDUQl3LwAT1swHIZpiT8QGQGpBakB6QXpAL4kF+xmczNpeA9ID0ggxwAAUYqQCqx4EJ5ixSAUwP2ABmLtINgBsEIn6/ZSJZIyhtwAw4AEokpAKongMgAxaCUhgokRALQGqhqXIhEzRtXwClMJizCDkdpBakB6QX5vlAUPJ81MeN1yUgOZAaaFIOJCozgWIIFMh4MxMl2RkgwACxPIMc1tjE2wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg== \"Add to Citavi project by DOI =16x16\")[ ](https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231185057)![](data:image/png;base64,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 \"Add to Citavi project by DOI =16x16\")[ ](https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916231185057)![](data:image/png;base64,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 \"Add to Citavi project by DOI =16x16\")\n* Narayanan, A. (2023). Understanding social media recommendation algorithms. Knight First Amendment Institute, Columbia University. \n\n:::","HTML":"

Algoritmalar

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Algoritma, bir bilgisayar tarafından otomatik olarak yürütülen bir dizi talimattır (UNESCO, 2017). Hesaplamalar yaparak, verileri sıralayarak veya sınıflandırarak, kararlar alarak ya da tekrarlayan görevleri otomatikleştirerek girdiyi çıktıya dönüştürür. Algoritmalar, çok basit olanlardan (örneğin, bir listeyi sıralamak için sabit bir kural) son derece karmaşık olanlara (örneğin, bir sosyal medya platformunun öneri sistemi) kadar çeşitlilik gösterir.

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Algoritmalar insanlar tarafından tasarlanır (Avrupa Konseyi, 2020). Algoritmanın davranışının bir kısmının satır satır yazılmak yerine verilerden öğrenildiği modern makine öğrenimi sistemlerinde bile, sistemin optimize edeceği hedefleri belirleyen, eğitim verilerini seçen ve sistemin nasıl uygulanacağına karar veren insanlardır (Metzler & Garcia, 2024; Narayanan, 2023). Bu nedenle, bir algoritmanın çıktıları, onu geliştiren ve uygulayanların seçimlerini, varsayımlarını ve değerlerini yansıtır; bunlar tarafsız veya objektif değildir.

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Dijital platformlarda algoritmalar genellikle algoritmik sistemler halinde birleştirilir; bu sistemler, genellikle matematiksel modeller kullanarak verileri toplayan, birleştiren, sıralayan, sınıflandıran ve çıkarımlarda bulunan, bu temelde seçimler yapan, öncelikler belirleyen, önerilerde bulunan veya kararlar alan uygulamalardır (Avrupa Konseyi, 2020).

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